Over the past century, local anaesthetics and their delivery systems have evolved and improved significantly. Despite these advances however, our ability to obtain profound anaesthesia 100% of the time is elusive, especially in the mandible. These situations can cause painful dental visits for our patients creating anxiety for them and for the operator as well.

During this CE webinar, the student will explore:
1. the reasons and solutions for incomplete local anaesthesia
2. a discussion about the relevant anatomy and pharmacology that leads to incomplete local anaesthesia will be presented
3. techniques beyond the standard inferior alveolar nerve block and armamentarium besides the standard needle and syringe will also be evaluated

Some of the topics to be reviewed include the Gow-Gates Block; articaine; intraosseous and PDL injections.
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